Abstract: OBJECTIVE To analyze the efficacy of itraconazole in the prevention and treatment of fungal infections in leukemia patients during chemotherapy. METHODS A total of 218 leukemia patients with chemotherapy in our hospital from Mar. 2014 to Jan. 2017 were selected as the research objects, and were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 109 cases in each group. Patients in control group used the conventional infection prevention scheme to prevent infections, and in observation group were treated with itraconazole injection on the basis of control group. The changes of number of neutrophils, high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin -6 (IL-6) before and after chemotherapy of the two groups were compared. The fungal infection rate and mortality of the two groups of patients were compared. RESULTS The neutrophil counts of the two groups of patients after chemotherapy were significantly lower than those before chemotherapy (P<0.05), and hs- CRP, PCT and IL-6 were all higher than those before treatment (P<0.05). The neutrophil count, hs-CRP, PCT and IL-6 of observation group were (40.22±4.56)%, (14.53±2.46)mg/L, (1.28±0.20)mg/L and (7.26±1.22)ng/ml, and those of control group were (32.61±4.15)%, (63.65±6.47)mg/L, (3.14±0.31)mg/L and (16.79±2.35)ng/ml, and the differences were significant (P<0.05). The fungal infection rate of observation group was 0.92%, which was significantly lowere than 8.26% of control group (P<0.05). The mortality of control group was 2.75%, which was significantly higher than 0.92% of observation group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Using antibiotics prevention scheme containing itraconazole can significantly reduce the rate of fungal infection in patients during chemotherapy of leukemia patients, and itraconazole is effective in treatment of most fungal infections.