Abstract: OBJECTIVE To analyze the risk factors and pathogen distribution of lung infections after esophageal particle stent implantation in patients with esophageal carcinoma with esophagotracheal fistula, and summarize the control measures for lung infections. METHODS The clinical data of 220 patients with esophageal carcinoma complicated with esophagotracheal fistula treated by esophageal 125Ⅰparticle stent implantation in the hospital from Mar. 2010 to Feb. 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The demographic data, pulmonary function indexes, complications, pathological condition, pathogen distribution and results of drug sensitivity test were collected. The factors related to lung infections were screened, and the control measures were summarized. RESULTS Among 220 subjects in the study, there were 44 patients with lung infections, and the infection rate was 20.00%. In 44 patients with lung infections, the results of sputum culture were positive in 38 cases, and the positive rate was 86.36%. A total of 58 strains of pathogens were cultured, including 24 strains of gram-negative bacteria accounting for 41.38% and mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 9 strains of gram-positive bacteria accounting for 15.52% and mainly Staphylococcus aureus, and 25 strains of fungi accounting for 43.10% and mainly Candida albicans.Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensitive to cefepime, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, Klebsiella pneumoniae was relatively sensitive to cefepime and imipenem, Acinetobacter baumannii was relatively sensitive to imipenem, tobramycin and ceftriaxone, S. aureus was sensitive to vancomycin and compound sulfamethoxazole tablets, C. albicans was sensitive to fluconazole, 5-fluorocytosine, amphotericin B and itraconazole, while Candida glabrata was relatively sensitive to 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B. Advanced age, smoking, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and operation time were the independent risk factors of lung infection after esophageal particle stent implantation in patients with esophageal carcinoma complicated with esophagotracheal fistula(P＜0.05). CONCLUSION Advanced age, long-term smoking history, with diabetes mellitus, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and long operation time may increase the incidence of lung infection after esophageal particle stent implantation in patients withesophageal carcinoma with esophagotracheal fistula. Active control of risk factors and rational use of antibiotics according to the results of drug sensitive test can reduce the risk of lung infection, and can improve the control rate of infection.