Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the pathogens distribution and risk factors of nosocomial infections in patients with diabetes mellitus(DM). METHODS A total of 685 patients with diabetes from Sep. 2015 to Feb. 2017 were included in the study. The infection rate, pathogen distribution, drug sensitivity and related risk factors were analyzed. RESULTS There were 134 cases infected among 685 diabetic patients, and the infection rate was 19.56%. The respiratory system and urinary system were the main infection sites. Totally 174 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated. Among them, there were 102 strains of gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 58.62%, 70 strains of gram-positive bacteria, accounting for 40.23%, and 2 strains of fungi, accounting for 1.15%. Drug sensitivity test showed that, the sensitive rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem was the highest (100.00%), and to gentamicin was the lowest (52.63%). The sensitive rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to piperacillin was the highest (100.00%), and to gentamicin was the lowest (54.17%). The sensitive rate of Escherichia coli to imipenem was the highest (95.00%), and to ampicillin was the lowest (35.00%). The sensitive rate of Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin was the highest (96.15%), and to levofloxacin was the lowest (30.77%). The sensitive rate of Enterococcus faecalis to oxacillin was the highest (100.00%), and to penicillin was the lowest (27.78%). The sensitive rate of Staphylococcus haemolyticus to vancomycin was the highest (100.00%), and to penicillin was the lowest (21.43%). The results showed that, ages≥60 years old, length of stay≥20days, glycosylated hemoglobin≥9.0%, invasive procedures and use of antimicrobial drugs 15 days before hospitalization were the independent risk factors of nosocomial infections with diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION The prevention and control measures should be strengthened according to the high risk factors of diabetes complicated with nosocomial infections to reduce the infection rate.