Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors of PICC related bloodstream infections in leukemia patients. METHODS A total of 150 cases of leukemia patients with PICC catheter from Jun. 2015 to Dec. 2016 were selected.The clinical information of patients with catheter-related bloodstream infection were statistically analyzed, and the risk factors of PICC related bloodstream infection were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariable logistic analysis. RESULTS There were 20 cases of PICC related bloodstream infections in 150 cases of patients, with the infection rate of 13.33%. A total of 20 strains of pathogens were found, of which 10 were gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 50%, mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, and 10 were gram-positive bacteria, accounting for 50%, mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age more than 65 years old, peripheral blood less than 2×10⁹/L, more than 6 times of puncture, more than 11 times of chemotherapy, the indwelling time of more than 11 months,and with diabetes were independent factors of PICC catheter-related bloodstream infections (P<0.05). CONCLUSION There are many reasons for PICC related bloodstream infections in leukemia patients , we should actively treat complications before chemotherapy according to the risk factors, choose reasonable catheter type and puncture and sealing methods, scientifically use antibiotics according to susceptibility test, and shorten the time of catheter, thereby reducing the risk of PICC related bloodstream infections.