Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of early screening of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical liquid based cytology test in patients with cervical precancerous lesions. METHODS A total of 240 cases of patients with cervical pathological changes in hospital from Mar. 2014 to Mar. 2017 were selected as the research objects. All patients were screened for early cervical precancerous lesions by high-risk HPV examination and liquid based cytology test. RESULTS Among the 240 patients, the number of positive cases of high-risk HPV infection was 20, and the positive rate was 8.33%. Among them, HPV16 type accounted for 50.00%, HPV18 type accounted for 30.00%, HPV58 type accounted for 10.00%, HPV33 type accounted for 5.00%, and HPV31 type accounted for 5.00%. TBS diagnostic report showed abnormal smears in 19 cases, accounting for 7.92%. The atypical squamous cells (ASC ) accounted for 4.17%, squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) accounted for 0.83%, squamous cell carcinoma (LISL) accounted for 1.25%, high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion ( HSIL) accounted for 0.83%, and atypical glandular cells (AGC) accounted for 0.83%. Comparison of cytological pathological examation results between ASC, AGC and LSIL, the difference was significant (P< 0.05). Comparison of positive numbers of HPV16 and HPV18 and pathological results of cervical tissue biopsy , HPV16 and HPV18 in mild inflammation of cervical precancerous lesions (CNⅠ), moderate cervical precancerous lesions (CN II ), high cervical precancerous lesions (CN III) and carcinoma tissues were significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION High-risk HPV test can improve the accuracy of screening for cervical cancer, and detection of high-risk HPV combined with cervical liquid based cytology test used in the screening of early cervical precancerous lesions, can improve the screening rate of cervical precancerous lesions, and is of high scientificity and accuracy.