Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the influencing factors of urinary sepsis after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. METHODS A total of 600 patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy were selected in the hospital from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2016, and were divided into urinary sepsis group and control group according to whether the occurrence of urinary sepsis after surgery. The age, genders, diabetes, stone sizes, intraoperative rinse solution dosage, operation time, urinary tract infection, hydronephrosis, preoperative antibiotic application, urine routine results and urine culture results of the two groups were collected and analyzed. RESULTS In the 600 patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy, 36 cases had urinary sepsis, and the incidence of urinary sepsis was 6.0%. Multivariate analysis showed that, age ≥ 60 years old, female, with diabetes, intraoperative irrigation fluid dosage> 30L, and urine routine positive were the independent risk factors of urinary sepsis after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. CONCLUSION Age, gender, diabetes mellitus, intraoperative rinse fluid dosage, and urine positive are related to percutaneous nephrolithotomy after urinary sepsis. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the vigilance of the medical and nursing staff, closely monitor and strengthen the treatment after operation, so as to prevent the occurrence and progress of urinary sepsis.