Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing postoperative incision infections in children undergoing abdominal surgery so as to provide guidance for reasonable use of antibiotics. METHODS The clinical data of 920 children who received abdominal surgery from Jan 2013 to Dec 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The incidence of postoperative incision infections was investigated, the incision secretions, subcutaneous puncture fluid at incision sites, drainage fluid at incision sites and debridement tissues at incision sites were collected, the isolated bacteria were identified, and the drug susceptibility testing was performed. RESULTS Of the 920 children, 21 had postoperative incision infections, with the incidence rate of incision infection 2.28%.The incidence rates of type Ⅰ, Ⅱ andⅢ incision infections were 0.84%, 1.10% and 6.19%, respectively; the incidence rate of type Ⅲ incision infection was significantly higher than that of the type Ⅰ incision infection or type Ⅱ incision infection (P＜0.005).Totally 22 strains of pathogens were isolated, of which 68.18% were gram-negative bacteria, and 31.82% were gram-positive bacteria.The Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were dominant among the gram-positive bacteria.The drug resistance rates of Escherichia coli strains to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin were 71.43% and 57.14%, respectively; the drug resistance rates of Enterobacter cloacae strains to ampicillin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin ranged between 66.67% and 100.00%; the drug resistance rates of the S.aureus strains to penicillin, ampicillin, cefazolin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and moxifloxacin ranged between 50.00% and 100.00%; the drug resistance rates of the E.faecalis strains to penicillin, ampicillin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, chloramphenicol and vancomycin ranged between 50.00% and 100.00%. CONCLUSION The incidence rate of incision infection is low in the children undergoing the abdominal surgery, the type Ⅲ incision infection is dominant among the incision infections, the gram-negative bacteria which are represented by the E.coli strains are the predominant pathogens causing the infection, and the pathogens causing the infections vary in the drug resistance rates to the commonly used antibiotics.