Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of pathogens causing nosocomial infections in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and analyze the related influencing factors. METHODS A total of 718 patients with advanced NSCLC who were treated in the hospital from Dec 2012 to Dec 2016 were enrolled in the study, the sputum specimens were collected from the patients, the bacterial culture was carried out, the drug susceptibility testing was conducted, the distribution and drug resistance of the pathogens causing the nosocomial infections were observed, and the univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed for the related factors for the nosocomial infections. RESULTS Of the 718 patients, 124 had nosocomial infections, with the infection rate 17.27%.Totally 119 strains of pathogens were isolated from the 124 patients with nosocomial infections, of which 75 (63.03%) were gram-negative bacteria, 40 (33.61%) were gram-positive bacteria, and 4 (3.36%) were fungi.The main gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to gentamicin and ceftriaxone, however, the drug resistance rates to meropenem and imipenem were low.The main gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to penicillin and cefazolin, however, the drug resistance rates to ciprofloxacin and vancomycin were low.The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the age, invasive operations and length of hospital stay were the independent risk factors for the nosocomial infections in the patients with NSCLC. CONCLUSION The gram-negative bacteria are dominant among the pathogens isolated form the advanced NSCLC patients with nosocomial infections.The age, invasive operations and length of hospital stay are the independent risk factors for the nosocomial infections in the patients with advanced NSCLC, to which the health care workers should attach great importance.