Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors and pathogenic bacteria characteristics of pulmonary infection induced by hemodialysis in patients with diabetic nephropathy. METHODS A total of 168 patients with diabetic nephropathy from Oct. 2013 to Dec. 2016 were enrolled in the study. All patients were treated with hemodialysis and the pathogenicity of pulmonary infection was investigated. The clinical data, hemodialysis, hemoglobin and other data of the patients were analyzed by the self-designed questionnaire, and related factors of pulmonary infection in hemodialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy were summarized. RESULTS Among 168 patients with diabetic nephropathy, 40 cases developed pulmonary infection with the infection rate of 23.81%. Totally 59 strains of pathogens were isolated, including 41 strains of gram-negative bacteria accounting for 69.49%, mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 18 strains of gram-positive bacteria accounting for 30.51%, mainly Staphylococcus aureus. The age, dialysis time, serum albumin, malnutrition, fasting blood glucose, hospitalization time and volume load were the related factors of hemodialysis pulmonary infection in patients with diabetic nephropathy (P<0.05). CONCLUSION There are many risk factors for pulmonary infection in hemodialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy. Corresponding intervention measures should be put forward according to the risk factors to reduce the pulmonary infection rate.