Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the associated risk factors of high-risk maternal puerperal infection and effects of different delivery methods on high-risk maternal puerperal infection and the newborns. METHODS A total of 800 cases of maternal in our hospital from Jan. 2016 to Jan. 2017 were selected. According to different delivery methods, the patients were divided into natural vaginal delivery group (300 cases), cesarean section group (300 cases), and induced labor group (200 cases). The intrapartum situation of maternal and neonatal Apgar score of each group were observed, and the related risk factors for puerperal infection were analyzed. RESULTS The blood transfusion rate in induced labor group was 5.0%(10/200), which was significantly higher than 0.67%(2/300) in cesarean section group(P=0.005). The birth canal damage rate of natural vaginal delivery group was 2.67%(8/300), which was significantly higher than 0 of the cesarean section group(P=0.007). Puerperal infection rate of natural vaginal delivery group was 2.67%(8/300), which was significantly lower than 8.67%(26/300) of cesarean section group and 15.00%(30/200) of induced labor group(P＜0.001). Urinary retention rate of cesarean section group was significantly lower than that of natural vaginal delivery group and induced labor group(P＜0.05). Hospitalization days of natural vaginal delivery group were (4.61±0.52)d, which were significantly less than those of the other two groups (P＜0.05). Mild asphyxia rates of natural vaginal delivery group and induced labor group were 15.00%(45/300) and 15.00%(30/200), which were significantly higher than 8.33%(25/300) of cesarean delivery group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in Apgar score among the three groups of newborns. Gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, gestational anemia, amniotic fluid contamination, premature rupture of membranes, cesarean delivery, forceps/fetal head were risk factors of maternal puerperal infection, and nursing intervention was the protective factor (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION Cesarean section can reduce childbirth complications, but has a longer hospital stay. Induced labor has higher postpartum transfusion and postpartum hemorrhage rates, and the incision healing is slow. Interventions should be taken according to related factors of infection.