Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the pathogenic characteristics and risk factors of nosocomial infection in hospitalized children, so as to reduce nosocomial infection rate and guide the use of antibiotics. METHODS A total of 2838 cases of hospitalized children in Hainan Provincial People's Hospital from Feb. 2016 to Feb. 2017 were selected. There were 841 children in intensive care unit(ICU) and 1997 in general ward. The age, gender, hospitalization time, use of antibiotics and hormones, invasive procedures, seasonal changes, nutritional status and use of ventilator were retrospectively analyzed, and the infection pathogenic bacteria were analyzed. RESULTS There were 42 cases of nosocomial infection among 2838 patients, with the infection rate of 1.48%, while the ICU nosocomial infection rate (1.78%) was significantly higher than that in general ward (P=0.036). There were 42 pathogens cultivated and isolated, including 27 strains of gram-negativebacteria accounting for 64.29%, mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae, 10 strains of gram-positive bacteria accounting for 23.81%, mainly Staphylococcus and Enterococcus, and 2 strains of fungi accounting for 11.90%, mainly Candida albicans. The main infection sites were upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract. The hospitalization time, use of antibiotics and hormones, invasive procedures, admission to ICU, moderate to severe malnutrition, and winter and spring seasons were the risk factors of nosocomial infection in hospitalized children (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION There are related factors of nosocomial infection in pediatric ward, so we should pay more attention to children with infection and choose sensitive antibiotics to treat infection.