Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection of pediatric inpatients, and analyze the risk factors of nosocomial infection, so as to provide references for the prevention and control of nosocomial infection. METHODS The clinical data of 27386 cases of children hospitalized in our hospital from Jan. 2014 to May 2017 were investigated. The prevalence rate of nosocomial infection, the location of the infection sites, the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and the risk factors of nosocomial infection were analyzed. RESULTS Totally 192 cases were with nosocomial infection, and the incidence of nosocomial infection was 0.70%. The location of nosocomial infection was mainly lower respiratory tract. A total of 192 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, including 119 strains of gram-negative bacteria accounting for 61.98%, mainly Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacter cloacae, 51 strains of gram-positive bacteria accounting for 26.56%, mainly beta Hemolytic streptococcus, and 19 strains of fungi accounting for 9.90%, mainly yeast-like fungi. WBC count, chemotherapy, hormone, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and ventilator were risk factors of nosocomial infection in hospitalized children (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Nosocomial infection prevalence survey of hospitalized children can timely and accurately grasp the characteristics of nosocomial infection in children. We should develop targeted prevention and control measures of nosocomial infection according to the characteristics and related factors of nosocomial infection, to effectively control pediatric nosocomial infection.