Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors, treatment and relevant perioperative nursing strategies of postoperative occurrence of infective endophthalmitis in patients with cataract. METHODS A total of 184 cases of cataract patients admitted to diagnosis in our hospital from Apr. 2015 to Apr. 2017 were selected as the subjects of study. According to different nursing methods, the patients were divided into control group and experimental group, with 92 cases in each group. The experimental group was taken perioperative nursing countermeasures, and the control group was treated with routine nursing intervention. The incidence of infectious endophthalmitis, time of hospitalization, nursing satisfaction, immune function and the levels of inflammatory indicators in the two groups after treatment were compared. The related factors of infectious endophthalmitis after cataract surgery were analyzed, and related treatment and perioperative nursing countermeasures were analyzed and summarized. RESULTS Of 184 patients with cataract, 27 had infectious endophthalmitis, and the infection rate was 14.67%. The age, history of diabetes mellitus, operation time, vitreous spillover and incision location were related factors of infective endophthalmitis after cataract surgery (P<0.05), and aseptic operation was a protective factor for infective endophthalmitis (P<0.05). Different implementation of nursing intervention in 184 patients, incidence of infective endophthalmitis in experimental group was 4.35%, which was significantly lower than 25.00% in control group(P<0.05). The hospitalization time, hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-8 and WBC were (9.05±5.56) d, (5.59±2.61) mg/L, (9.53±1.03) ng/L, (7.17±1.43) ng/L and (8.01±2.11) /L, which were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION In the clinical treatment and nursing work, it should be given corresponding perioperative nursing countermeasures according to the above risk factors to reduce the incidence of infectious endophthalmitis, and improve clinical treatment.