Abstract: OBJECTIVE To retrospectively analyze the distribution and drug resistance rates of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated in 2016 so as to provide guidance for reasonable clinical use of antibiotics. METHODS By means of retrospective survey, totally 2222 strains of Enterobacteriaceae that were isolated from the submitted specimens in 2016 were observed. The isolation rates of CRE, distribution of departments, positive rate of ESBLs and result of drug susceptibility testing were statistically analyzed. RESULTS A total of 433 strains of CRE were isolated, with the positive rate 19.49% (433/2222); the carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) strains accounted for 90.99% among the CRE strains. The positive rates of CRKP, Escherichia coli and other species of Enterobacteriaceae were higher in the ICU wards than in the surgical departments and internal medicine department. The positive rate of CRKP was 22.20% in the ICU wards; the isolation rate of CRKP was 18.05% in the ICU of neurosurgery department, 4.07% in the comprehensive ICU (P<0.05). The isolation rates of CRKP and carbapenem-resistant E.coli strains were remarkably higher in the neurosurgery department than in the trauma department, urology department and gastrointestinal surgery department. The positive rate of CRKP was remarkably higher than that of the E.coli and other species of Enterobacteriaceae in the specimens of sterile sites. The drug resistance rates of the CRE strains to carbapenems was 100%, and the strains were highly resistant to cephalosporins, and the drug susceptibility rate to tigecycline was more than 75%. CONCLUSION The CRE strains are highly prevalent and colonized in the hospital, especially the CRKP strains. The CRE strains are highly resistant to carbapenems, third and fourth generations cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and quinolones and are highly susceptible to tigecycline. It is necessary to further strengthen the surveillance of CRE and control of infection, increase of the submission rate of specimens of sterile sites and reasonably use antibiotics based on the regional prevalence trends and the result of drug susceptibility testing.