Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the influence of perinatal infection on retinopathy (ROP) of premature infants. METHODS By means of retrospective survey, totally 313 premature infants (with the gestational age no more than 32 weeks ) who were born in the hospital from Apr 2015 to Mar 2017 were enrolled in the study, 103 of whom were diagnosed with retinopathy according to the perinatal records and result of fundus examination and were recruited as the study objects. The study objects were divided into the mild ROP group with 62 cases, the severe ROP group and the surgical ROP group according to the severity of fundus lesions. The univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis were performed for the risk factors. RESULTS The univariate analysis showed that among the perinatal puerpera, the proportion of the puerpera with gestational anemia was the highest in the mild ROP group, the proportion of the puerpera with perinatal infectious diseases was the highest in the surgical ROP group, and the proportion of the puerpera whose cervical secretions were tested positive for Mycoplasma was the highest in the severe ROP group (P<0.05). The univariate analysis indicated that among the perinatal premature infants, the average gestational age was shortest in the surgical ROP group, the birth weight and oxygen inhalation duration were the least in the mild ROP group; the mild ROP and severe ROP and severe ROP were associated with the positive test of Mycoplasma in cervical secretions, gestational age, birth weight and oxygen inhalation duration (P<0.05). The surgical ROP was associated with the perinatal infectious diseases, gestational age and birthweight (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of ROP is associated with the perinatal infection in the puerpera, positive test of Mycoplasma in cervical secretions, short gestational age, low birth weight and oxygen inhalation duration, which are the risk factors for progression of ROP.