Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the correlation between the intraoperative antibiotics prophylaxis and the postoperative incision infection in the breast surgery patients. METHODS A total of 100 patients who received non-infectious breast surgery in the hospital from Jan 2012 to Dec 2016 were enrolled in the study and divided into the control group and the observation group according the status of antibiotics prophylaxis, with 50 cases in each group. The control group was not treated with antibiotics, while the observation group was treated with antibiotics. The curative effects were observed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the length of hospital stay, cost-effectiveness ratio and incidence of incision infection between the two groups of patients. The costs of the observation group were significantly more than those of the control group (P<0.05). The white blood cells counts and body temperature of the observation group changed as same as those of the control group before the surgery and after the surgery for 6, 24 and 48 hours. CONCLUSIONS The prophylactic use of antibiotics is not directly associated with the postoperative incision infection in the breast surgery patients, the antibiotics should be used for the non-infectious breast surgery patients based on the administration indications, which has certain significance in cutting the treatment cost.