Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of respiratory tract bacterial infection and Mycoplasma infection in children of eastern Fengxian, Shanghai and analyze the clinical curative effects. METHODS A total of 2468 children who were treated in the hospital due to respiratory tract infectious diseases from 2016 to 2017 were enrolled in the study, 336 of whom had respiratory tract bacterial infection and Mycoplasma infection, and the incidence of infection was compared between the two groups of children. RESULTS Of the 2468 children, 336 had respiratory tract bacterial infection and Mycoplasma infection, accounted for 13.61%; totally 178 children had respiratory tract bacterial infection, accounted for 7.21%; totally 184 children had Mycoplasma infection, accounted for 7.46%; 26 children had double infection, accounting for 1.05%. The univariate analysis showed that there was significant difference in the mortality among the children with respiratory tract bacterial infection in the first half year and second half year of 2016 and 2017 (P<0.05). Among the 336 children, 55.06%(98/178) had bronchial pneumonia among the children with respiratory tract bacterial infection, and 62.50% (115/184)had bronchial pneumonia among the children with Mycoplasma infection; the children who had acute bronchial infection accounted for 30.90% (55/178) and 23.37%(43/184). The effective rate of treatment of the children with respiratory tract bacterial infection was 90.45%, the effective rate of treatment of the children with Mycoplasma infection was 86.41%, and there was no significant difference in the curative effect between the two groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The respiratory tract bacterial infection and Mycoplasma infection are the leading causes of bronchial pneumonia and acute bronchial pneumonia in the children. Piperacillin-tazobactam can achieve remarkable curative effect.