Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors and etiological characteristics of post-operative incision infection in multiple trauma patients, and provide a reference basis for clinical prevention and treatment. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted for the clinical data of 308 cases of multiple trauma patients with abdominal surgery conducted in Apr.2013 - Jan.2017.Statistical analysis of postoperative incision infection and pathogen distribution in these patients was conducted, and the risk factors influencing the postoperative incision infection were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic linear regression methods. RESULTS Among the 308 cases of multiple trauma patients, a total of 106 cases of postoperative incision infection occurred, and the infection rate was 34.42%.A total of 147 strains of pathogens were isolated, dominated by gram-negative bacteria (88 strains, accounting for 59.86%), followed by gram positive bacteria(46 strains, accounting for 31.29%), and fungi (13 strains, accounting for 8.84%).The univariate analysis suggested significant differences in diabetes complication, age, hospital stay, amount of bleeding, trauma index, leukocyte, C-reactive protein and albumin between the two groups (P＜0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that the older age, diabetes, increased trauma index and reduced albumin level were independent risk factors for postoperative abdominal incision infection in multiple trauma patients (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION There is a relatively high risk of postoperative abdominal incision infection in multiple trauma patients, and the pathogens are dominated by gram-negative bacteria.The infection is closely related to many factors.Active clinical evaluation of the patients' condition is necessary, and early empirical use of antimicrobial drugs is suggested, with special attention paid to use of antibiotics against gram-negative bacteria, so as to prevent the spread or progress of the infection.