Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the pathogen distribution and the changes in peripheral blood inflammatory factors after artificial hip arthroplasty,so as to provide reference in clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS Clinical data of 50 patients with deep infection after artificial hip arthroplasty at our hospital from Sep. 2010 to Aug. 2017 were analyzed. Another 64 cases of non-infected patients at our hospital in the same time period were taken as control. The pathogen types and distribution were analyzed in the infection group. The peripheral blood levels of IL-6, IL-10, PCT in the two groups were observed, and their diagnostic value in infected patients after artificial hip arthroplasty was analyzed. RESULTS 55 strains of pathogens were isolated from the 50 infected patients, including 31 strains (56.36%) of gram-positive bacteria, dominated by Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Enterococcus faecalis, and 24 strains (43.64%) of gram-negative bacteria, dominated by Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The serum levels of IL-6 and PTC in the infected was significantly higher groups than those of the control group (P＜0.05). ROC analysis showed that the cut-off point value of IL-6 was 20.37 pg/ml when used for diagnosis of early deep infection after artificial hip arthroplasty, which provided a sensitivity of 66.67%% and a specificity of 66.04%. The PTC cut-off point value was 3.12 μg/L when used for diagnosis of early deep infection after artificial hip arthroplasty, which provided a sensitivity of 65.24％ and a specificity of 62.23％. CONCLUSION Patients after artificial hip arthroplasty are prone to deep infection, and the serum levels of IL-6 and PCT have certain diagnostic value in patients with early deep infection after artificial hip arthroplasty.