Abstract: OBJECTIVE To study the effect of probiotics on stability of blood glucose in children with severe infection pneumonia and its mechanism. METHODS A total of 98 children with severe infectious pneumonia who were treated in our hospital from Sep.2016 to Sep.2017 were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group according to the digital table method, with 49 cases in each group.The children in the control group were treated with routine treatment, and the children in the observation group were treated with probiotics.The blood glucose, plasma H₂S, D-lactic acid levels and stool short chain fatty acids before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.The correlation between plasma glucose and plasma H₂S, D-lactic acid and acetic acid was observed. RESULTS After treatment, the blood glucose was (6.08±2.66) mmol/L and the D-lactic acid level was (1.24±0.38)g/ml in the observation group, significantly lower than those of the control group(8.40±2.67) mmol/L, and (1.46±0.41) g/ml, respectively, whereas the H₂S level was (24.68±7.42) mol/L in the observation group, which was significantly higher than that of the control group(20.89±7.37) mol/L.The differences (P＜0.05).The propionic acid level was (21.07±5.27) mol/g, acetic acid was (32.84±8.56) mol/g, butyric acid was (15.27±5.18) mol/g in the observation group, significantly higher than those of the control group(18.68±5.13)mol/g, (28.59±7.87) mol/g, and (12.89±5.02) mol/g, respectively (P＜0.05).The blood glucose concentration was correlated with plasma H₂S, D-lactic acid and acetic acid, and showed a significant positive correlation with D-lactic acid (P＜0.05).Blood glucose concentration was negatively correlated with plasma H₂S and acetic acid (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION Probiotics can play a good control effect on the development and deterioration of disease in children with severe infectious pneumonia.After reasonable application of probiotics, the blood glucose, plasma H₂S, D-lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and fecal short chain fatty acid index all tended to be normal or close to the normal level.This method is safe and effective, and is worthy of clinical application.