Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of minimally invasive catheterization and negative pressure aspirator drainage combined with antimicrobial agents on postoperative subcutaneous effusion in breast cancer patients with infection and its effect of inflammatory factors. METHODSA total of 120 women who underwent radical mastectomy from Jan. 2014 to Dec. 2016 and suffered from subcutaneous effusion were enrolled in this study, and divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method, with 60 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with fine needle aspiration and pressurized drainage method, whereas those in the observation group were treated with minimally invasive catheterization and negative pressure aspirator drainage method, and the patients were treated with cefazolin or piperacillin by intravenous injection according to the patient's individual condition. Bacterial culture of peritoneal effusion was conducted for the two groups of patients to detect the pathogens. The healing rate and recovery time of subcutaneous effusion in the two groups of patients were observed. The treatment time, number of dressing and dosage of cefazolin or piperacillin in the two groups of patients were also observed. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and serum procalcitonin (PCT) in the serum of the two groups were measured before treatment and 1 week after treatment. RESULTS The bacteria culture results of peritoneal effusion showed 65 and 67 strains of pathogens detected respectively from the control group and the observation group. The number of days taken to be recovered in the observation group was (4.26±0.94) days, which was significantly lower than that in the control group (9.67±2.61) d(P<0.001). The duration of treatment, number of dressing, and the dosage of cefazolin and piperacillin in the observation group were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). After 1 week of treatment, the levels of TNF-α, IL-8 and PCT in the serum of the two groups were both significantly decreased (P<0.05), and compared with the control group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-8 and PCT in the serum of the observation group were significantly lower (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Minimally invasive catheterization and negative pressure aspirator drainage combined with antimicrobial agents has a good clinical effect for the treatment of breast cancer patients with postoperative subcutaneous effusion and infection, significantly reducing the treatment time, the number of dressing and the use of antibiotics, and is worthy of clinical Promotion.