Abstract: OBJECTIVE To study the clinical characteristics of postoperative infection of complex tibial plateau fractures and analyze the influencing factors of postoperative infection, so as to provide effective basis for clinical prevention. METHODS The clinical data of 267 patients with complex tibial plateau fractures who underwent open internal fixation from Jun.2011 to Jun.2016 were analyzed retrospectively. The incidence of postoperative infection and etiological characteristics of the infected patients were analyzed.The clinical data such as hospitalization time, incision mode, timing of operation, complications of diabetes mellitus, fracture classification, and types of anaesthesia were collected to analyze the influencing factors of infection. RESULTS Thirty-one out of 267 patients with complex tibial plateau fractures underwent open internal fixation were infected, and the infection rate was 11.61%.Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, cefoxitin and cefotaxime. 41 strains of pathogens were detected in the infected patients, among which 27 strains were gram-positive bacteria accounting for 65.85%, 13 strains were gram-negative bacteria accounting for 31.71%, and 1 strain was fungus accounting for 2.44%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that fracture types, hospitalization time, operation time and osteofascial compartment syndrome were the influencing factors of postoperative infection of complex tibial plateau fractures (P＜ 0.05). CONCLUSION For postoperative patients with complex tibial plateau fractures, hospitalization time and operation time should be shortened as far as possible. Active prevention of osteofascial compartment syndrome can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative infection.