Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and target organ dysfunction in patients with primary hypertension. METHODS A total of 100 cases of patients with primary hypertension in our hospital from May 2015 to Jan. 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, and were divided into infection group (42 cases) and uninfected group (58 cases) according to H. pylori infection conditions. Another 100 healthy adults in our hospital for health examination during the same period were enrolled. The differences of H. pylori infection between patients with primary hypertension and healthy persons were observed, and the damages of target organs in two groups of patients were studied as well. RESULTS The rate of H. pylori infection in primary hypertension patients was 42.00% (42/100), which was significantly higher than 18.00% in healthy subjects (18/100) (P<0.001). The thickness of intima membrane in the carotid artery, hypersensitive C- reactive protein (hs-CRP), total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein in the infection group were (1.08±0.14)mm, (6.17±2.01)mg/L, (6.61±1.76) mmol/L, (2.34±0.71) mmol/L and (3.44±0.72) mmol/L, which were significantly higher than those in the uninfected group (P<0.05). However, the ejection fraction and high density lipoprotein were (56.37±9.81)% and (1.06±0.18) mmol/L, which were significantly lower than those of the uninfected group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The infection rate of H. pylori is higher in patients with primary hypertension, and the aggravation of target organ function may be caused by promoting lipid metabolism and inflammatory reaction in vivo.