Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the values of blood culture and inflammatory markers in diagnosis of catheter-related bloodstream infection in hemodialysis patients. METHODS A total of 63 patients who received hemodialysis in the hospital from May 2013 to Jun 2017 were recruited as the study objects and divided into two groups according to the diagnosis results. Totally 32 patients who were diagnosed with double-lumen catheter-related bloodstream infection were assigned as the infection group, 31 patients who were diagnosed with non-double-lumen catheter-related bloodstream infection were assigned as the pulmonary infection group. The clinical data were collected from the two groups of patients, the species of isolated pathogens were observed, the blood culture was performed, and the levels of inflammatory markers were detected. RESULTS The levels of serum procalcitonin and tumor necrosis factor -α of the infection group were respectively (4.13±1.56)μg/L and (1.96±0.41)ng/ml, significantly higher than those of the non-infection group (P＜0.05). Totally 20 strains of pathogens were isolated from the infection group, 12 of which were gram-positive bacteria, and 8 were gram-negative bacteria. The isolation rates of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the highest among the gram-positive bacteria. The isolation rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the highest among the gram-negative bacteria. The sensitivity of the joint detection of the three indexes was 87.3%, the specificity 92.1%, the positive predictive value 93.43%, the negative predictive value 91.12%, the accuracy of diagnosis 91.23%, significantly higher than those of the single detection (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The blood culture combined with inflammatory markers may remarkably raise the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of diagnosis, which provide guidance for clinical diagnosis of the catheter-related bloodstream infection in the hemodialysis patients.