Abstract: OBJECTIVE To actively monitor the distribution and drug resistance of Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter spp strains isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of the neurosurgery department patients with infections after surgery. METHODS The patients who underwent surgical procedures in neurosurgery department of a three-A hospital from Jan 2015 to Dec 2017 were recruited as the study objects, the prospective active monitoring was carried out by full-time infection control personnel and neurosurgery department doctors in charge, the distribution and drug resistance of the Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter spp strains isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid were observed, and the intervention countermeasures were proposed. RESULTS A total of 674 strains of bacteria were isolated from 3784 submitted cerebrospinal fluid specimens, with the isolation rate 17.81%, 53 (7.86%) of which were Enterobacteriaceae, and 74 (10.98%) were Acinetobacter spp.Among the Enterobacteriaceae strains, Escherichia coli (18 strains, 33.96%) strains were dominant, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca and Enterobacter cloacae.Among the Acinetobacter spp strains, Acinetobacter baumannii strains (53 strains, 71.62%) were dominant, followed by Acinetobacter lwoffii and Acinetobacter rofeci. Al of the A.baumannii strains isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid specimens were resistant amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and aztreonam and showed medium sensitivity to meropenem and imipenem, and no strains resistant to polymyxin B or tigecycline were isolated. CONCLUSION It is important for optimization of use of antibiotics, development of effective prevention measures and reduction of incidence of infection to strengthen the active monitoring of the bacterial drug resistance of the neurosurgery departments after the surgery and comprehensively understand the epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance of common species of pathogens isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid specimens.