Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the related factors for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) nosocomial infections in neonates so as to provide guidance for prevention and control of the CRKP. METHODS Totally 49 neonates with CRKP nosocomial infections who were treated in neonatology department of the hospital from 2014 to 2017 were chosen as the case group, while 60 neonates with carbapenem-sensitive K.pneumoniae (CSKP) nosocomial infections were set as the control group.The retrospective case-control study was conducted, the infection sites and the drug resistance rates were statistically analyzed, and the univariate analysis and multidrug logistic regression analysis were performed for the related factors for the CRKP nosocomial infections. RESULTS The neonates with lower respiratory tract infections were dominant among the neonates with CRKP and CSKP nosocomial infections.The CRKP strains were highly resistant to all of the β lactams, and the drug resistance rates to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and tigecycline were low.The drug resistance rates of the CRKP strains were significantly higher than those of the CSKP strains to all of the antibiotics except for ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and tigecycline(P＜0.05).The univariate analysis indicated that the related factors for the CRKP infection included premature rupture of fetal membranes of parturient, smaller gestational age, lower birth weight, no less than 2 times of tracheal intubation, longer mechanical ventilation time, PICC (peripherally inserted central catheter) indwelling history, surgery history, and urinary catheter indwelling history.The multivariate regression analysis showed that the history of premature rupture of fetal membranes of parturient, history of use of carbapenems antibiotics and PICC indwelling history were the independent related factors. CONCLUSION It is necessary to conduct the screening of colonization for the high-risk neonates and the monitoring of the neonates with infection, reduce the invasive operations, reasonably use broad-spectrum antibiotics and take the isolation and prevention measures for the neonates with CRKP infection so as to reduce the incidence of CRKP nosocomial infections and control its spread.