Abstract: OBJECTIVE To understand the current status of construction, use, maintenance and performance test of clean operating rooms of medical institutions in China. METHODS By means of online questionnaire survey, the questionnaires were released through national infection prevention and control network platforms, the infection control staff or head nurses of operating rooms volunteered to fill out and submitted. RESULTS The questionnaire survey showed that of 2 359 medical institutions, 88.30% were equipped with clean operating rooms, 97.28% of the tertiary hospitals were equipped with clean operating rooms, and all of the operating rooms were clean operating rooms in 70.36% of the tertiary hospitals. Of 2 083 medical institutions that were equipped with clean operating rooms, 81.33% were equipped with grade 5 clean operating rooms, and 91.84% of the tertiary hospitals were equipped with grade 5 clean operating rooms. There were 37.5% of the clean operating rooms whose service life was less than 5 years, 39.70% ranging between 5 and 10 years, 22.76% exceeding 10 years; only 54.5% of the medical institutions maintained the clean operating rooms by dedicated staff, 28.18% of the medical institutions occasionally or never examine the clean operating room. The qualified rate of the performance of clean operating rooms in use was 76.47%. The survey also showed that the health care workers of 49.6% of the medical institutions complained the comfort of the clean operating rooms. CONCLUSION The proportion of the medical institutions that are equipped with clean operating rooms is excessively high in China, there are such problems as the unqualified performance test,poor maintenance and uncomfortableness of the clean operating rooms. It is necessary for the hospital to reasonably allocate the clean operating rooms based on its own needs.