Abstract: OBJECTIVE To understand the clinical distribution and drug resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) so as to provide guidance for prevention and treatment of MRSA. METHODS The clinical data were collected from the patients who were hospitalized Ganzhou People's Hospital from 2014 to 2017, and the S.aureus strains were isolated from the microbial species of the patients. The result of the targeted monitoring of MRSA nosocomial infection was retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Among 2 083 strains of S.aureus, the isolation rate of MRSA was 28.47%; the colonized MRSA strains accounted for 16.36%, the strains causing community-associated infection accounted for 52.95%, and the strains causing nosocomial infection accounted for 30.69%. The isolation rate of MRSA was increased year by year during the 4 years, and there was significant difference (P<0.05). MRSA strains were prevalent among elderly population. Sputum and secretions were the major specimens sources, accounting for 49.58% and 33.22%, respectively; 16.36% of the MRSA strains were isolated from neurosurgery department (including neurosurgery department ICU), and 12.98% were isolated from the neurology department (including neurology department ICU). The result of drug susceptibility testing showed that the drug resistance rates of the MRSA strains to 11 types of antibiotics such as penicillin G, oxacillin and gentamicin were significantly higher than those of the methicillin-susceptible S. aureus strains; the drug resistance rates of the MRSA strains causing nosocomial infection to 6 types of antibiotics such as gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were significantly higher than those of the MRSA strains causing community-associated infection (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION The isolation rate of MRSA strains is high and increased year by year, and the community-associated infection is dominant and distributes concentratedly. The MRSA strains are highly resistant to the commonly used antibiotics, the MRSA strains causing nosocomial infection in particular. It is necessary to strengthen the active monitoring of the MRSA strains and reasonably use antibiotics.