Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the influencing factors for bacteremia in the children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after chemotherapy. METHODS By means of retrospective survey, a total of 454 children with ALL who received chemotherapy in Wuxi Children’s Hospital from Aug 2013 to Jan 2017 were randomly drawn as the study objects. The gender, age, severity of disease, isolation of pathogens and distribution of isolated pathogens were recorded, the influencing factors were found out,and univariate analysis and multirarite analysis were performed. RESULTS Among the 454 children with ALL, the incidence of bacteremia was 20.48%, totally 118 case times had bacteremia after chemotherapy, the male cases were more than the female cases, and the children aged between 1 and 10 years old were dominant. The proportion of the high-risk (HR) children who were complicated with bacteremia was the highest, most of whom had bacteremia during the remission induction and consolidation treatment stages, and the respiratory tract was the major infection site. Totally 121 strains of pathogens were isolated, involving 41 species, and the gram-positive bacteria were dominant. The results of univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis showed that HR, long term use of antibiotics, neutrophil deficiency, long duration of neutrophil deficiency, central venous catheter indwelling, combined use of multiple antibiotics and high drug resistance rate were the influencing factors for the bacteremia in the children with ALL after chemotherapy (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION The children with respiratory tract infection is dominant among the children with ALL after chemotherapy, the emergence of the disease is associated with the long time of neutrophil deficiency, central venous catheter indwelling, use of multiple antibiotics and drug resistance. It is necessary for hospitals to focus on the level of neutrophils of the children with ALL during chemotherapy, try to use antibiotics as less as possible and avoid the central venous catheterization so as to reduce the risk of bacteremia, boost the effectiveness and safety of chemotherapy and improve the prognosis.