Abstract: OBJECTIVE To understand the prevalence of nosocomial infection and device-associated infection in intensive care unit (ICU) in Hubei province so as to provide scientific basis for control of nosocomial infection. METHODS By means of prospective survey, the targeted surveillance of nosocomial infection was carried out for the patients who were hospitalized in ICUs of 47 hospitals in Hubei province from 2012 to 2015. The incidence of nosocomial infection, distribution of nosocomial infection sites, incidence of device-associated infection and distribution of pathogens were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Of totally 126 946 patients who were monitored, the incidence rate of nosocomial infection was 5.51%, and the incidence rate of nosocomial infection was decreased in the ICUs year by year in the 4 consecutive years (P<0.001). The patients who had lower respiratory tract infection were dominant among the patients with nosocomial infection, accounting for 77.27%. The incidence rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) were 21.07‰, 1.45‰ and 1.15‰, respectively. The incidence rates of VAP and CRBSI were significantly lower in 2015 than in 2012 (P<0.05). Totally 8921 strains of pathogens were isolated, 72.95% of which were gram-negative bacteria. Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli ranked the top 5 species of pathogens, accounting for 24.91%, 13.75%, 11.96%, 10.92% and 8.23%, respectively. CONCLUSION The incidence of nosocomial infection is significantly decreased in the ICUs of the province, indicating that it has made some achievements in control of the infection. The incidence of VAP is the highest among the device-associated infection, and it is necessary to focus on the control of VAP in the ICUs.