Abstract: OBJECTIVE To understand the distribution of drug resistance genes and mobile genetic elements of 63 K. pneumonia strains of K1 serotype and 29 K. pneumonia strains of K2 serotype. METHODS A total of 735 strains of non-repetitive K. pneumoniae isolated from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University during Jan. 2015 to Dec. 2017 were collected, from which 63 K. pneumonia strains of K1 serotype and 29 K. pneumonia strains of K2 serotype were screened. The strains were identified by using Vitek2-compact automatic microorganisms analysis system, and the drug susceptibility was analyzed. All the isolates were assessed for 13 drug resistance genes and 13 mobile genetic elements by PCR. RESULTS K. pneumoniae of K1 and K2 serotypes had high resistance rates (up to 20%) to cefazolin and ceftriaxone, and had relatively high sensitivity to other antibacterial drugs. But carbapenem-resistant K pneumonia appeared. The detection rates of acc6-Ib-cr gene and qnrS gene were relatively high, whereas the detection rates of other drug resistance genes were relatively low in K. pneumoniae of K1 and K2 serotypes, but 2 strains each of K1- and K2-serotype K. pneumoniae carried KPC gene. Except for ertapenem and SHV gene, K1 and K2 K pneumoniae had no significant difference in antibiotic resistance rate and drug resistance gene carrying rate. But the resistance rate of most antibacterial drugs and the carrying rate of the drug resistance genes of K1-serotype K. pneumoniae were lower than thoset of K2-serotype K pneumonia. In mobile genetic elements, one kind of conjugative plasmid marker gene, one kind of integron gene and four kinds of insertion sequence genes were detected by PCR. The mobile genetic elements with the highest positive rate were traC gene and intI1 gene. CONCLUSION K1- and K2- serotype K. pneumoniae have high sensitivity to most antibacterial drugs, with low detection rates of drug resistance gene and low carrying rates of mobile genetic elements. The occurrence of drug resistance phenotypes of K1- and K2-serotype K pneumoniae may be associated with the mobile genetic elements carried.