Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors for nosocomial infections with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP),in order to provide theoretical basis for the clinical prevention and control of nosocomial infections with CRKP. METHODS Thirty-one patients with CRKP nosocomial infections treated in a Grade III Class A hospital from Jan. 2016 to Dec. 2017 were selected as the CRKP group,and thirty-one patients with nosocomial infections associated with carbapenem- susceptible K pneumoniae(CSKP) were selected at a ratio of 1:1 and assigned as the CSKP group. The infection sites and the drug resistance rates of the CRKP group and the CSKP group were statistically analyzed,and retrospective case-control analysis was performed on both groups.The risk factors for nosocomial infections with CRKP were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Respiratory system was the dominant site of nosocomial infection for both the CRKP group and the CSKP group.The drug resistance rates of the CRKP group were higher than those of the CSKP group to all of the antibiotics except for ampicillin. The univariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk factors for nosocomial infections with CRKP included length of hospital stay before K pneumonia infection≥14d, history of hospitalization,use of carbopenems before K pneumonia infection, and hypoproteinemia(P＜0.05).The multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that history of hospitalization and hypoproteinemia were the independent risk factors for nosocomial infections with CRKP. CONCLUSION It is necessary to carry out regular monitoring of the patients at high risk of CRKP nosocomial infection and rigidly implement the disinfection and isolation measures so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection.