Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of transparent supervision model on the prevention and control of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae（CRE） nosocomial infection.METHODS A total of 23 541 inpatients from Jul. to Dec. 2017 were selected as the pre-intervention group, and the 26 886 inpatients from January to June 2018 as the post-intervention group. The transparent supervision model was implemented in the hospital real-time monitoring system for the early-warning of CRE strains. By means of information technology, the CRE detection rate and discovery rate are transparently disclosed, and the implementation rate of core prevention and control measures are transparently supervised, including the hand hygiene compliance, the environmental objects surface cleaning and disinfection qualified rate, the implementation rate of doctor’s isolation order, isolation labels and equipment. The effects of transparent supervision before and after intervention were observed.RESULTS After intervention, the detection rate of CRE decreased from 58.66%（149/254） to 36.65%（70/191）（P＜0.001）; the discovery rate of CRE decreased from 1.06‰（25/23 541） to 0.30‰（8/26 886）（P＜0.001）; the compliance of hand hygiene increased from 40.65%（365/898） to 70.79%（681/962）（P＜0.001）; and the qualified rate of surface cleaning and disinfection of environmental objects increased from 53.38%（158/296） to 92.24%（226/245）（P＜0.001）.CONCLUSION The implantation of transparent supervision model in the hospital infection real-time monitoring system and timely early-warning of CRE cases can effectively reduce the transmission of CRE in hospital cross-infection.