Abstract: OBJECTIVE To analyze the features and influence factors of nosocomial infection in patients post type Ⅰ incision operation, and to provide scientific evidence for effective prevention and control measures.METHODS A total of 5 751 cases of patients with type Ⅰ incision operation admitted to a military hospital from Jan. 2015 to Dec. 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The postoperative infection was monitored and the clinical parameters including the gender, age, surgical procedure, length of hospital stay and invasive procedure were analyzed, and the influence factors of nosocomial infection of patients post type Ⅰ incision operation were summarized.RESULTS The hospital infection rate of patients post type Ⅰ incision operation was 4.26%（245/5 751）; dominated by the lower respiratory tract. 261 strains of pathogens were isolated from co-cultured medium, of which 122 strains of Gram-negative bacteria accounting for 46.74% dominated Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae; 86 strains of Gram-positive bacteria accounting for 32.95% dominated by Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus; and 53 strains of fungus accounting for 20.31% dominated by Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis. Basic disease, length of hospital stay, time of use of antibiotics, time of ventilator, time of central venous intubation, time of catheterization of the urethra were identified as the influence factors of patients post type Ⅰ incision operation（P＜0.05）.CONCLUSION S Vigorous measures should be taken to cope with the high risk factors of nosocomial infection rate of patients post type Ⅰ incision operation. Risk factor of cross-infection and nosocomial infection rate could be reduced by active observation of postoperative signs, reasonable administration of antibiotics, early removal of unneccessary catheters.