Abstract: OBJECTIVE To compare the surgical site infections of two different surgical methods between open and robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy, so as to provide a basis for nosocomial infection prevention and control.METHODS Clinical data of 389 patients underwent pancreatiduodenectomy due to tumor diseases of bile duct, pancreas or duodenum from Sep. 2018 to Jun. 2019 were extracted by using the nosocomial infection monitoring system in PLA General Hospital. According to different surgical methods, 201 cases were regarded as the Open Pancreaticoduodenectomy（OPD） group and 188 cases were in the Robotic Pancreaticoduodenectomy（RPD）group. The relevant data about basic features, the infection status and characteristics of surgical site were compared between two groups.RESULTS Preoperative biliary drainage of patients in OPD group were 38.31%（77/201）, significantly higher than that in RPD group（P＜0.001）. Operation time, postoperative hospitalization and blood loss in the OPD group were（4.90±1.21） h, 14.00（11.00,19.00）d and 200.00（150.00,300.00）mL respectively, which were significantly longer or more than those parameters in RPD group（P＜0.001）. The operative site infection rate of OPD group and RPD group was 8.46% and 13.83%, respectively, with no significant difference（P=0.091）, all dominating by organ lacuna. Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogenic bacteria（61.54%）, and the top five pathogenic bacteria were Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae and Citrate factorius. Multidrug resistant bacteria accounted for 58.46%.CONCLUSION Compared with OPD, RPD was safe and feasible, The selection of empiric antimicrobial agents should be paid attention to in perioperative medication.