Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the impact of bismuth-containing quadruple therapy on serum inflammatory factors and immune function of patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS A total of 112 patients with H. pylori infection who were treated in Wuhan First Hospital from Jan 2016 to Jun 2017 were recruited as the study objects and randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 56 cases in each group.The control group was given triple therapy of rabeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin, while the experimental group was given quadruple therapy of colloidal bismuth, rabeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin.The eradication rate of H. pylori, levels of serum inflammatory factors serum tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein（hs-CRP）, interleukin-6（IL-6） and immune function indexes（CD₃⁺, CD₄⁺ and CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺） and incidence of adverse reactions were observed and compared between the two groups of patients after the treatment for 2 weeks. RESULTS The eradication rate of H. pylori of the experimental group was 92.86%,significantly higher than 76.79% of the control group（χ²=5.617, P=0.013）; the decreased levels of TNF-α, hs-CRP and IL-6 of the experimental group were respectively（3.56±0.75） ng/ml,（5.35±0.82） mg/L and（62.95±8.24） ng/L, significantly higher than（1.82±0.45）ng/ml,（3.44±0.62）mg/L and（43.20±6.32） ng/L of the control group（t=14.887, 13.904, 14.234, all P＜0.001）.The increased levels of CD₃⁺, CD₄⁺ and CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺ of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group, while the decreased level of CD₈⁺ of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group （10.91±1.32 vs 4.26±0.74, 6.69±1.02 vs 2.18±0.56, 0.47±0.08 vs 0.14±0.05, 6.13±0.85 vs 2.19±0.52）（t=32.885,29.004,26.177,29.589,all P＜0.001）.There were no significant differences in the drug-induced adverse reactions between the two groups. CONCLUSION The bismuth-containing quadruple therapy may raise the eradication rate of H. pylori, which is possibly associated with the inhibition of inflammatory symptoms and regulation of immune function.