Abstract: OBJECTIVE To observe the levels of cytokines and erythrocyte immune status of the cesarean section patients with puerperal infection and analyze their relationship with the puerperal infection. METHODS Totally 105 puerpera who had puerperal infection after cesarean section and were treated in Jinan City People′s Hospital from Feb 2016 to Feb 2018 were assigned as the infection group, meanwhile, 101 puerpera who did not have puerperal infection were set as the control group.The levels of cytokines interleukin-1 β（IL-1 β）, interleukin-6（IL-6）, interleukin-8（IL-8）, interleukin-10（IL-10）, tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）, interferon-γ（IFN-γ）, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein（hs-CRP） and procalcitonin（PCT） as well as erythrocyte immune indexes E rosette enhanced rate of RBC（RFER）, E rosette inhibitive rate of RBC（FEIR）, rosette rete of C3 b receptor of RBC（RBC-C3 bRR）, rosette rate of immune compound of RBC（RBC-ICR）, asspcoated tumor erythrocyte rosette（ATER） and direct tumor erythrocyte rosette（DTER） were compared between the two groups of puerpera; the levels of above indexes were observed and compared among the puerperal infection patients with different levels of white blood cell. RESULTS The levels of serum IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, hs-CRP, PCT, FEIR and RBC-ICR of the infection group were significantly higher than those of the control group（P＜0.05）, they were significantly elevated with the increase of WBC counts（P＜0.05）; the RFER, RBC-C3 bRR, ATER and DTER of the infection group were significantly lower than those of the control group（P＜0.05）, and they were significantly declined with the increase of WBC counts（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSION The levels of inflammatory cytokines of the cesarean section puerpera with puerperal infection are significantly elevated, while the erythrocyte immune function is significantly declined, the levels of the above indexes are associated with the severity of puerperal infection, which can be used as major indexes for monitoring of the cesareazn section puerpera with puerperal infection.