Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of pathogens isolated from the craniocerebral trauma and coma patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia（VAP） and analyze the related factors so as to provide guidance for prevention and control of nosocomial infection. METHODS A total of 222 patients with craniocerebral trauma and coma who were treated in the hospital from Jul 2016 to Jul 2018 were recruited as the study objects.The incidence of VAP, distribution of pathogens and related factors were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Of the 222 patients with craniocerebral trauma and coma, 78 had VAP, with the incidence rate of 35.14%.The pathogens were isolated from sputum specimens of 65 patients, with the isolation rate 83.33%.Totally 77 strains of pathogens were isolated, 35（45.45%） of which were gram-positive bacteria, 37（48.05%） were gram-negative bacteria, and 5（6.49%） were fungi; Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the predominant species of the gram-positive bacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were dominant among the gram-negative bacteria; Candida albicans was the predominant species of the fungi.Among the major species of the gram-positive bacteria, there were a large number of strains that were resistant to penicillin G, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and roxithromycin and few strains that were resistant to nitrofurantoin and minocycline, while, no strains that were resistant to vancomycin, teicoplanin or linezolid were found.Among the major species of the gram-negative bacteria, there were a large number of strains that were resistant to cefazolin, amoxicillin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and ampicillin and few strains that were resistant to cefoperazone-sulbactam and amikacin, while, no strains that were resistant to meropenem or imipenem were found.The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the long time of mechanical ventilation, endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy and complication with diabetes mellitus were the independent related factors for the VAP in the patients with craniocerebral trauma and coma（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSION The gram-negative bacteria are dominant among the pathogens causing VAP in the patients with craniocerebral trauma and coma.S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii are the common species of pathogens, its risk is associated with the treatment factors and complication with underlying diseases.It is necessary for clinicians to pay great attention to it and take effective interventions in a timely manner so as to boost the effect of prevention and control of nosocomial infection.