Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of transparent supervision mode on control of nosocomial infection and its application in clinical practice. METHODS Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology was chosen as the study object, the transparent supervision mode was employed for control of nosocomial infection in 2018, the 4 structure indexes, 7 process indexes and 7 outcome indexes of 44 clinical departments were transparent, and the effect was evaluated by using chi-square test after the intervention for 1 year. RESULTS The qualified rate of structure indexes was increased from 64.63% to 88.92% after the intervention, and there was significant difference（χ²=116.472; P＜0.001）.As compared with the process indexes before the intervention, the total qualified rates of hand hygiene, environmental cleaning and disinfection, medical waste management, core prevention and control measures of ventilator-associated pneumonia（VAP）, core prevention and control measures of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection（CRBSI）, core prevention and control measures of catheter-related urinary tract infection（UTI）, and core prevention and control measures of multidrug-resistant organisms（MDROs） were significantly increased by 17.42%, 21.19%, 24.71%, 11.90%, 8.10%, 9.55% and 27.04%, respectively（P＜0.05）.As compared with the outcome indexes before the intervention, the incidence of nosocomial infection, incidence of MDROs nosocomial infection, isolation rate of MDROs, incidence of type I incision infection, incidence of VAP, incidence of CRBSI and incidence of UTI were decreased by 16.55%,46.58%,32.09%,34.01%,0.92%,27.01% and 1.32%,respectively; there were significant differences in the incidence of nosocomial infection, incidence of MDROs nosocomial infection and isolation rate of MDROs before and after the intervention. CONCLUSION The transparent supervision may effectively boost the effect of control of nosocomial infection and raise the qualified rates of the structure indexes as well as the process indexes so as to reduce the outcome indexes and ensure the medical quality and patients′ safety.