Abstract: OBJECTIVE To understand the correlation between the risk factors for healthcare-associated infections (HAI) and the HAI so as to provide theoretical basis for prevention and control of HAI. METHODS The results of monitoring and culture of the air, object surfaces, hands of health care workers, disinfectants, disinfected endoscopes, counts of contaminated dialysis water with bacteria, endotoxin content in dialysis water, sterilization effect of sterilizers and sterilized articles were collected from the Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital from Jul 2018 to Jun 2019 and were recruited as the study objects, the monitoring data were statistically analyzed, the results of monitoring were analyzed, and the correlation between the results and the incidence of HAI was observed. RESULTS A total of 3 997 samples were collected, of which 3 953 were qualified, with the qualified rate 98.90%. The qualified rates of samples showed overall upward trends in the four quarters, the qualified rates of monitoring of the four quarters were respectively 97.55%, 99.71%, 99.32% and 98.69%, and there were significant differences (χ²=20.489,P＜0.001). Among the different monitoring items, the qualified rates of monitoring of disinfectant, hemodialysis water, sterilization effect of sterilizer and sterilized articles were 100%, the qualified rates of object surfaces and hands of health care workers showed upward trends, while the qualified rates of air and disinfected endoscopes showed downward trends. With the gradual rise of qualified rate of monitoring of the risk factors for HAI, the incidence of HAI showed an overall downward trend. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the two were negatively correlated (r＝-0.974,P＜0.026). CONCLUSION It is a major task to monitor the risk factors for HAI during the prevention and control of HAI, which may facilitate the timely identification of potential risk for HAI so as to take targeted interventions and avoid adverse events such as HAI.