Abstract: OBJECTIVE To observe the incidence of nosocomial infection between the single and non-single wards in intensive care unit (ICU) so as to provide guidance for prevention and control of the nosocomial infection in ICU. METHODS By means of retrospective survey, the patients who were hospitalized in the ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medicine University from Jan 2017 to Dec 2018 were recruited as the study objects. With the removal of ICU newly built in Jan 2018 as the time cutoff, the enrolled patients were divided into the single ward group and the non-single ward group according to the fact that whether the bed was in single ward. The incidence of nosocomial infection was compared between the two groups. RESULTS Among the 323 hospitalized patients in the single ward group, 34 had nosocomial infection, with the incidence of nosocomial infection 10.53%. Among the 246 hospitalized patients in the non-single ward, 35 had nosocomial infection, with the incidence of nosocomial infection 14.23%. There were no significant differences in the infection sites, thousand-day rate of three-tube-related infection, incidence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) infection between the two groups. The incidence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infection was 3.10% in the single ward group, 8.13% in the non-single ward group, and there was significant difference (P=0.008). CONCLUSION The single ward achieves little effect on reducing the incidence of nosocomial infection, the increase of number of the single ward is not an effective way, and it is necessary to carry out the thorough cleaning and disinfection of environment, hand hygiene and isolation and reasonably use antibiotics.