Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the value of dynamically monitoring levels of serum procalcitonin（PCT）, white blood cell count（WBC） and T lymphocyte subsets in the treatment and prognosis of patients with anastomotic leakage infection after esophageal cancer surgery. METHODS The clinical data of 58 patients with anastomotic leakage infection who were admitted to Heze Municipal Hospital and 58 patients without anastomotic leakage infection during the period from Jun. 2015 to Jun. 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Change of serum PCT, WBC and T lymphocyte subsets at 1 d, 3 d and 5 d after surgery were compared between the two groups. The receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curves were applied to analyze diagnostic value of PCT, WBC and T lymphocyte subsets in anastomotic leakage infection after esophageal cancer surgery. According to different prognosis, they were divided into the recovery group and death group. The levels of PCT, WBC and T lymphocyte subsets were compared among patients with different prognosis when anastomotic leakage infection was confirmed. The predictive value of PCT, WBC and T lymphocyte subsets in prognosis was analyzed by ROC curves. RESULTS PCT and WBC in the infection group were significantly higher than that in the non-infection group at 1 d, 3 d and 5 d after surgery, whereas CD₃⁺, CD₃⁺CD₄⁺ and CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺ were significantly lower than that in the non-infection group（P＜0.05）. ROC curves showed that AUC and 95%CI of serum PCT, WBC and CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺ on 3 d after surgery for diagnosis of anastomotic leakage infection were 0.879, 0.779, 0.751 and 0.817-0.924, 0.693-0.865, 0.661-0.842, respectively. Among 58 patients with anastomotic leakage infection, there were 13 cases died, with the mortality of 22.41%. PCT and WBC in the death group were significantly higher than that in the recovery group, whereas CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺ was significantly lower than that in the recovery group（P＜0.05）. ROC results showed that AUC of serum PCT, WBC and CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺ for predicting poor prognosis were 0.762, 0.752, 0.843, and 95%CI of the indexes were 0.618-0.907, 0.607-0.897, 0.722-0.963, respectively. CONCLUSION Dynamically monitoring levels of serum PCT, WBC and T lymphocyte subsets should be beneficial to improve the diagnosis of anastomotic leakage infection, and of certain value in predicting prognosis.