Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the pathogens isolated from the puerpera with puerperal infections and analyze the risk factors for the infections. METHODS The clinical data were collected from 400 puerpera who gave birth in the Hainan Modern Maternal and Infant Hospital from Jan 2017 to Oct 2019. The pathogens were isolated from the patients with puerperal infection, the drug resistance and drug resistance genes of the strains were detected, the risk factors for the puerperal infection were analyzed, and the risk prediction model was established to test. RESULTS A total of 20（5.00%） had puerperal infection, and the puerpera who had perineal incision infection were dominant. Totally 25 strains of pathogens were isolated, 11 of which were gram-negative bacteria, and 13 were gram-positive bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were highly resistant to ampicillin, piperacillin, cefazolin and cefotaxime, and no strains that were resistant to meropenem or imipenem were detected, 1 strain with SHV mutation and 1 strain with CTX-M mutation were detected. Staphylococcus aureus strains were highly resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and levofloxacin, no strains that were resistant vancomycin or linezolid were detected, and 1 strain with qnrA mutation was detected. Antenatal anemia（X1）, cesarean section（X2）, long labor process（X3）, long time of membrane rupture（X4）, prenatal and postpartum hemorrhage（X5） were independent risk factors for the puerperal infection, and the regression equation was logistic（P）=-3.352+0.526 X1+0.647 X2+0.448 X3 +0.512 X4+0.485 X5. The total validity test likelihood ratio chi-square value was 156.265（P＜0.001）, and test of goodness of fit showed χ²=6.256（P=0.385）. The area under curve of the prediction regression equation was 0.803（95%CI: 0.740～0.865） in prediction of puerperal infection, and the cut-off value was 0.622. CONCLUSION The incidence of puerperal infection is high in the hospital. The establishment of model may facilitate the surveillance of high-risk population and take targeted prevention measrues.