Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory tract infection in children and analyze the serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. METHODS A total of 1 050 children with respiratory tract infection who were hospitalized in the Rizhao Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Baicheng City Hospital of Jilin Province were enrolled in the study, 1 050 sputum specimens were collected to detect the species of pathogens, the epidemiological characteristics of S.pneumoniae infection were analyzed, and the serotyping and drug susceptibility testing were carried out for the S.pneumoniae strains. RESULTS Totally 273 strains of pathogens were isolated from the 1 050 specimens, 50.92% of which were gram-positive bacteria, 38.83% were gram-negative bacteria, 5.49% were viruses, 3.66% were Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and 1.10% were fungi. S.pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common species. The isolation rate of S.pneumoniae was 10.09% among the 1 050 specimens, there was no significant difference in the isolation rate of S.pneumoniae between the genders, and the isolation rate of S.pneumoniae of the children aged between 3.0 and 6.0 years old was significantly higher than that of the children aged less than 3 years old（P＜0.05）; the isolation rate of S.pneumoniae was significantly higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn（P＜0.05）. Except for 5 strains, 101 of 106 strains were serotyped, 39.62% of which were type 19 F, 17.92% were type 19 A, and 15.09% were type 6 A/6 B. The isolated S.pneumoniae strains were highly susceptible to vancomycin, moxifloxacin and linezolid, the drug resistance rates to chloramphenicol, levofloxacin and cefotaxime were less than 10.00%, the drug resistance rates to clindamycin, tetracycline, erythromycin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim were more than 80%, and the drug resistance rate to penicillin G was 29.25%. CONCLUSION S.pneumoniae, H.influenzae, P.aeruginosa and S.aureus are dominant among the pathogens isolated from the children with respiratory tract infection. The S.pneumoniae is highly prevalent among the children aged between 3.0 and 6.0 years old in winter and spring. The type 19 F, type 19 A and type 6 A/6 B are the predominant multiple PCR types. It is necessary to carry out the serotyping detection and drug susceptibility testing in a timely manner so as to reasonably vaccinate and use antibiotics.