Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of serum interleukin（IL）-23, IL-17 and soluble interleukin-2 receptor（sIL-2 R） in cerebral infarction（CI） patients complicated with multidrug-resistant organism（MDRO） infection and analyze its association with prognosis. METHODS Totally 130 CI patients complicated with common infection and 142 CI patients complicated with MDRO infection who were treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanyang Medical College from Jul 2016 to Jul 2019 were recruited as the study objects and were assigned as the common infection group and the MDRO infection group. The levels of serum IL-23, IL-17 and sIL-2 R were determined, the levels of serological indexes were compared between the two groups, the value of the indexes in assessment of MDRO infection was analyzed. The treatment outcomes and prognosis of the patients with MDRO infection were evaluated, the influencing factors for the treatment outcomes were analyzed, the levels of serum IL-23, IL-17 and sIL-2 R were compared among the patients with different treatment outcomes, and the value of the three indexes in prediction of prognosis of the patients with MDRO infection was evaluated. RESULTS The levels of serum IL-23, IL-17 and sIL-2 R of the MDRO infection group were significantly higher than those of the common infection group（P＜0.05）. The result of receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve analysis showed that the areas under curve（AUCs） of the serum IL-23, IL-17 and sIL-2 R were respectively 0.966, 0.966 and 0.892 in assessment of MDRO infection. The result of logistic regression analysis indicated that dysphagia and preemptive use of carbapenems were the risk factors for the treatment outcomes of the patients with MDRO infection（P＜0.05）. The levels of serum IL-23, IL-17 and sIL-2 R of the patients with favorable prognosis were significantly lower than those of the patients with unfavorable prognosis（P＜0.05）. ROC curve analysis showed that the AUCs of the serum IL-23, IL-17 and sIL-2 R were respectively 0.766, 0.820 and 0.620 in prediction of prognosis of the patients with MDRO infection. CONCLUSION The levels of serum IL-23, IL-17 and sIL-2 R of the patients with MDRO infection are elevated abnormally, which is closely associated with the treatment outcomes and prognosis, and the above indexes have certain value in evaluation of illness condition and prognosis.