Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the application effect of recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor（rhGM-CSF） assisting conventional anti-infective therapy in patients with oropharyngeal infection after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and to provide data support for clinical treatment. METHODS A total of 106 patients with oropharyngeal infection after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma who were admitted to our hospital from Jan 2017 to Sep 2019 were enrolled. According to the random number table, they were divided into the observation group and control group, with 53 cases in each group. The control group was given conventional anti-infective treatment, and the observation group was given rhGM-CSF as an adjuvant to conventional anti-infective treatment. The oral and pharyngeal visual analogue scale（VAS） pain scores, serum inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-2（IL-2）, C-reactive protein（CRP）, tumor necrosis factor（TNF-α） and interferon-γ（IFN-γ）, the pH value of the oral mucosa, Toll-like receptor 9（TLR-9）, β defensin 2（hBD-2） levels and oropharyngeal comfort scores before the treatment, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after the treatment between groups were compared, and quality of life（EORTC QLQ-C30） scores before the treatment and 4 weeks after the treatment were also compared. RESULTS Compared with before treatment, the VAS pain scores of the oral cavity and pharynx and oropharyngeal comfort scores in the two groups were significantly reduced 2 and 4 weeks after the treatment, and that in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group（P＜0.05）. The serum levels of IL-2, CRP, TNF-α, IFN-γ, oral mucosa TLR-9 and hBD-2 expression levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group 2 and 4 weeks after the treatment, and pH value was significantly higher than that in the control group（P＜0.05）. Compared with before treatment, The health status, function score, symptom score, and individual scores in the observation group were significantly higher than that in the control group, while the symptom score and individual score were significantly lower than those in the control group（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSION The effect of rhGM-CSF adjuvant conventional anti-infective therapy in patients with oropharyngeal infection after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is relatively satisfactory, which can relieve the symptoms of oral and pharyngeal pain by reducing inflammation and oral mucosal inflammatory damage, improve oropharyngeal comfort and result in significant improvement of the quality of life in patients.