Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae（CRKP） bloodstream infection and analyze the drug resistance and virulence characteristics.METHODS A total of 248 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from blood specimens of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. The biochemical identification and drug susceptibility testing were performed by using automatic microorganism analysis system, the strains were divided into the CRKP group with 73 strains and the CSKP（carbapenem-sensitive K.pneumoniae） group with 175 strains according to the result of drug susceptibility testing. The clinical data corresponding to the patients with K.pneumoniae bloodstream infection were searched by case system. The drug resistance genes, capsular serotypes and virulence genes were detected by means of polymerase chain reaction（PCR）.RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the renal disease, burn wound, mechanical ventilation, urinary catheter indwelling, drainage tube indwelling, carbapenems and tigecycline were the independent risk factors for the resistance to carbapenems（P＜0.05）. The mortality rate of the patients with bloodstream infection was 53.42% in the CRKP group, significantly higher than that in the CSKP group（P＜0.05）. The drug resistance rates to 15 types of antibiotics were significantly higher in the CRKP group than in the CSKP group（P＜0.05）. 69 of 73 CRKP strains were detected with KPC gene, with the positive rate 94.52%; 4 strains were detected with NDM gene, with the positive rate 5.48%; 1 strain was detected with both KPC gene and NDM gene. There were 3 strains of K1, 2 strains of K2, 1 strain of K20 and 2 strains of K54 in the CRKP group.CONCLUSION The CRKP strains carrying with KPC gene are dominant among the patients with bloodstream infection, NDM gene is also prevalent. The CRKP strains are highly multidrug-resistant, the mortality rate is high, and highly virulent capsular serotypes have emerged. It is necessary for the hospital to take targeted intervention measures according to the independent risk factors for the CRKP bloodstream infection.