Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the polymorphisms of rs1143634 and rs16944 locus of interleukin-1β（IL-1β） gene in patients with periodontal infection during pregnancy.METHODS A total of 150 pregnant women with periodontal infection who were treated in stomatology department of West Hospital of Wuhan Fourth Hospital from Jan 2019 to Dec 2020 were assigned as the study group, meanwhile, 100 healthy pregnant women who received periodontal examination were chosen as the control group. The patients of the study group were divided into the mild periodontitis group with 76 cases and the moderate/severe periodontitis group with 74 cases. The polymorphisms at rs1143634 and rs16944 loci of IL-1β gene were detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction（PCR）, and the effect of the gene polymorphisms at the two loci on the susceptibility to periodontal infection and severity of periodontitis was observed.RESULTS There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotypes and alleles at rs1143634 locus between the study group and the control group. The frequencies of CC genotype and C allele at rs16944 locus were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group（P＜0.05）. There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotypes and alleles at rs1143634 locus between the moderate/severe periodontitis patients and the mild periodontitis patients; the frequencies of CC genotypes and C allele at rs16944 locus were higher in the moderate/severe periodontitis pregnant women than in the mild periodontitis pregnant women, the frequency of TT genotypes of the moderate/severe periodontitis pregnant women was significantly lower than that of the mild periodontitis pregnant women（P＜0.05）.CONCLUSION The CC genotype at rs16944 locus of IL-1β gene may significantly increase the pregnant women’s susceptibility to periodontal infection in the area and is associated with the severity of disease.