Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of preoperative oral administration of antibiotics on periprosthetic infection（PJI） after hip replacement.METHODS A total of 160 patients who underwent hip replacement surgery in Quzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Jan 2017 to Jan 2020 were enrolled in the study and divided into the study group and the control group according to the preoperative oral administration of antibiotics, with 80 cases in each group. The levels of peripheral blood interleukin（IL）-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）, C-reactive protein（CRP）, D-dimer（D-D） and erythrocyte sedimentation rate（ESR） as well as the levels of joint fluid white blood cell（WBC）, percentage of neutrophils（NEU） and CRP were determined 24 hours before the surgery and after the surgery for 24 hours, 3 days and 1 week, a one-year follow-up was conducted, the incidence of infections and complications was analyzed, and the pathogens were tested for the PJI patients.RESULTS The levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group after the surgery for 24 hours, 3 days and 1 week（P＜0.05）. The levels of serum CRP, serum D-D, joint fluid D-D, ESR, joint fluid WBC, joint fluid NEU and joint fluid CRP of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group（P＜0.05）. The follow-up showed that there were 9 cases of deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity（LDVT）, 5 cases of PJI and 1 case of other infections in the control group; there were 2 cases of LDVT in the study group; the incidence rates of PJI and LDVT of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group（P＜0.05）. Among the 5 PJI patients, there were 3 cases of single infection and 2 cases of mixed infection.CONCLUSION The preoperative oral administration of antibiotics can actually reduce the risk of PJI in the hip replacement patients, however, it is necessary to further study the dosage and cycle of the preoperative administration.