Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the influencing factors for postoperative incision infection in the patients with head and neck malignant tumors and observe the levels of C-reactive protein（CRP）, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells（sTREM-1） and interleukin-6（IL-6）. METHODS The clinical data of 114 patients with negative pressure drainage after radical surgery of head and neck malignancy treated in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from Jun 2017 to Oct 2020 were prospectively analyzed. The occurrence of incision infection was analyzed, and the influencing factors of postoperative incision infection of head and neck malignancy were summarized. The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve（ROC） was used to determine the predictive value of single or multiple indicators for incision infection. RESULTS Among 114 patients, 35 cases were infected, and the infection rate was 30.70%. Operation time, postoperative serum protein, combined diabetes and duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis were the influential factors of postoperative incision infection of patients with head and neck malignancies（P＜0.05）. The three indicators of CRP, sTREM-1 and IL-6 in postoperative drainage fluid at 3 d time point were of high diagnostic value, and the AUC（95%CI） were 0.782（0.624-0.980）, 0.718（0.566-0.945） and 0.753（0.584-0.970）, respectively. The combined application value was higher, and the AUC（95%CI） was 0.844（0.743-0.959）. CONCLUSION Postoperative drainage fluid CRP, sTREM-1, IL-6 and their combined application had high diagnostic value for postoperative incision infection.